Dubai Resident Visa-Free Travel: Explore Your Options

Stunning skyline of Dubai with a clear blue sky

Intro

The allure of travel can be an enticing prospect, especially for those living in cosmopolitan hubs like Dubai. The efficient processes that come with a Dubai resident visa provide pathways to countless destinations without the hassle of obtaining a visa in advance. This article aims to unravel the many treasures of visa-free travel available to Dubai residents.

Exploring this topic not only highlights the ease with which residents can traverse borders but also emphasizes the broader implications of having such privileges in today’s globalized world. With the city’s strategic geographical position and flourishing diplomatic relations, Dubai residents often find themselves in a unique position to indulge their wanderlust. Understanding where they can go visa-free allows for better planning and enhanced travel experiences.

The many benefits that accompany the Dubai resident visa stretch beyond mere convenience. From business opportunities to cultural exchanges, access to these countries fosters a sense of global citizenship among residents. It’s not just about escaping to a tropical paradise or exploring historical landmarks; it’s about broadening horizons and cultivating connections across cultures.

Now, let’s dive into the core discussions surrounding visa-free nations for Dubai residents. As we navigate these waters, we’ll touch on valuable insights into regional associations and practical considerations for anyone planning their next international journey.

Understanding the Dubai Resident Visa

The Dubai Resident Visa holds significant importance for expatriates looking to embed themselves within the vibrant culture and thriving economy of the UAE. It's not merely a document; it's a key that unlocks a myriad of opportunities, whether for leisure travel, business, or personal exploration. Understanding this visa facilitates better planning and enhances the overall experience of living in Dubai.

The role this visa plays in global mobility cannot be overstated. Holding a Dubai Resident Visa not only contributes to the stability of one’s residence but also opens doors to numerous countries where residents can travel without the hassle of obtaining a visa beforehand. This freedom can lead to spontaneous travel opportunities, allowing residents to broaden their horizons without being bogged down by bureaucratic procedures.

Furthermore, comprehension of the Dubai Resident Visa is crucial in navigating the complex landscape of international travel requirements. Awareness of the eligibility criteria and the application process ensures that residents can leverage their status effectively. In the long run, understanding this visa is not just about travel; it's about the advantages that come with being a resident in one of the world's most progressive cities.

Definition and Purpose

The Dubai Resident Visa is essentially a residence permit issued to foreigners intending to live in Dubai. Its primary purpose is to provide legal residency while allowing individuals to establish their lives, work, and interact with the local populace. This visa is tailored to cater to a wide array of expatriates, including investors, skilled professionals, and those seeking to reunite with family members already residing in the UAE.

A resident visa can also be indicative of one’s status and dedication to living in Dubai. The intention behind it is clear: to create a diverse, multicultural community that contributes to Dubai's economic growth and cultural richness. Thus, understanding its definition and purpose can enhance both the experience and the wealth of opportunities available to residents.

Eligibility Criteria

Not everyone can secure a Dubai Resident Visa; meeting specific eligibility criteria is essential. Generally, individuals seeking this visa must have adequate financial resources, whether through employment, investments, or sponsorship. Here are several broad categories that define eligibility:

Employment-Based Residency: Many residents obtain their visa through employment with a company in Dubai. A valid employment contract and sponsorship by an employer are usually required.
Investment Visa: Businessmen investing a certain amount in Dubai, such as starting a company or buying real estate, meet eligibility requirements for residency.
Family Sponsorship: Residents can sponsor family members, which enables spouses, children, and even parents to apply for resident visas under their sponsorship.

It's worth noting that these criteria can evolve; potential applicants should always check official resources for the latest updates, such as the UAE government website.

Application Process

Navigating the application process for the Dubai Resident Visa might seem daunting at first, but it’s quite straightforward if you know the right steps to follow. Generally, applicants can submit their requests online or visit authorized centers. Key steps include:

Gather Required Documents: Essential papers often include a passport, passport-sized photographs, proof of employment, salary statements, and medical fitness certificates.
Online Application: Create an account on the relevant government portal and fill out the application form meticulously. Double-check for any errors before submitting.
Pay Applicable Fees: All applications come with processing fees, which can vary based on the visa type.
Await Approval: After submission, applicants must wait for a notification. Keep a close eye on your application status through the portal.
Visa Stamping and Emirates ID: Upon approval, you’d need to get the visa stamped in your passport and apply for your Emirates ID, which is crucial for daily activities in the UAE.

This application process illustrates the organized approach that the UAE promotes. While it requires attention to detail and compliance with regulations, understanding these steps positions residents to maximize the benefits of their Dubai Resident Visa.

The Value of Visa-Free Travel

Visa-free travel serves as a significant catalyst in enhancing a person's ability to move across borders without the added layer of bureaucracy that comes with traditional visa applications. For Dubai residents, such privileges present opportunities that transcend mere vacations; they stimulate economic growth, foster international relationships, and encourage cultural exchanges. Ultimately, this freedom of movement can shape one's lifestyle, career prospects, and overall worldview.

Global Mobility and Economic Opportunities

In today’s interconnected global marketplace, mobility is power. For Dubai residents, the capacity to travel visa-free is more than just convenience—it’s a strategic advantage. Not only can residents explore new destinations without the grind of lengthy processing times, but they can also seize economic opportunities in a way that others might find cumbersome.

Consider this: the lack of visa requirements enables entrepreneurs from Dubai to expand their businesses into emerging markets swiftly. Businesses can operate across borders, tapping into new customer bases without the hassle of obtaining different visas for each visit. Interestingly, certain countries may have economic initiatives aimed at attracting investors from Dubai to stimulate their economies, creating a win-win situation. Individuals can easily explore options for investment, real estate, or partnerships at a moment’s notice.

Further, this access can boost trade relations between the UAE and other countries. With a large expat population in Dubai, businesses can forge connections more seamlessly than those hiding behind obstacles like visa delays. It’s also worthy to note that sectors such as tourism and hospitality benefit significantly from increased foot traffic due to visa-free access, as more travelers means more revenue and job opportunities.

Cultural Exchange and Accessibility

Visa-free travel shapes a rich tapestry of cultural exchange that enhances mutual understanding among diverse populations. For residents of Dubai, this means opportunities to engage with cultures and communities outside their own, contributing to a global dialogue that transcends borders. The idea that one can hop on a plane and experience another culture first-hand—the food, art, language—is invaluable.

Moreover, cultural exchange can inspire creativity and innovation. For example, Dubai residents visiting Southeast Asia may learn about sustainable farming practices, while a resident exploring European art scenes might bring back new ideas to local artists in Dubai. These insights not only enrich the individual traveler but foster a more culturally aware society overall.

In addition, accessibility is a vital element within this value proposition. The ease of moving around without visas allows families and friends spread out across the globe to reunite with less friction. What's more comforting than knowing you can visit your loved ones without bureaucratic tangles? This nurturing of relationships plays a key role in the emotional well-being of individuals, promoting a sense of belonging, regardless of geographical barriers.

In summary, the implications of visa-free travel for Dubai residents extend far beyond simple vacations. They embrace economic opportunities, deepen cultural understandings, and facilitate connections that contribute to a richly interconnected world. As travel norms evolve, residents are encouraged to take advantage of these benefits—enriching their lives and the lives of those they encounter along the way.

Map showcasing visa-free countries accessible to Dubai residents

Regions with Visa-Free Access for Dubai Residents

Understanding the regions where Dubai residents can travel without needing a visa is vital for both leisure and business purposes. Such access not only enhances the travel experience but also fosters economic connections and cultural exchanges. Visa-free travel can save you a load of time and money, allowing for spontaneous trips or strategic business travels without the red tape of visa applications hovering over your head. You can pop into a neighboring country, embark on a weekend getaway, or explore new markets for investment—all without the typical bureaucratic delays.

Middle Eastern Countries

The Middle East, a cultural crossroads, offers a wealth of visa-free opportunities for residents of Dubai. Countries like Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Bahrain not only boast rich historical sites but also modern infrastructures that cater to both tourists and business travelers. For instance, Saudi Arabia has rolled out the eVisa system, simplifying the travel experience. The allure of visiting ancient cities or experiencing the bustling souks of Bahrain is practically a hop, skip, and a jump away when you hold a Dubai resident visa.

Southeast Asian Destinations

Southeast Asia beckons with its vibrant cultures, exquisite cuisines, and breathtaking landscapes. Countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines offer Dubai residents visa-free entry, making it easy to bask in the tropical sun or dive into the region’s rich heritage. The ease of traveling to places like Bali or the beaches of Boracay creates endless possibilities for exploration. Moreover, with direct flights frequently available, it’s a conducive landscape for diving into business ventures as well.

European Territories

While many think of Europe as a tough nut to crack for travel without a visa, some territories, especially within Schengen exemption agreements, extend their welcomes to Dubai residents. Places like Albania and Kosovo allow visa-free entry, granting access to breathtaking landscapes and rich history. The charm of exploring cobblestone streets and indulging in local delicacies is at your fingertips. Business-minded individuals can also find opportunities in emerging markets within these regions, often with lower competition.

African Nations

Interestingly, Africa presents a diverse patchwork of nations where Dubai residents can embark on adventures sans visa hassles. Kenya, for instance, is not only a dream destination for nature lovers thanks to its wildlife, but it also has avenues for strategic investment. Similarly, the historical sites in Morocco or the beaches in Seychelles attract those seeking culture and leisure moments. Engagements in these nations could easily pave the way for fruitful business relationships, given the strong economic ties being fostered.

Oceania Regions

In Oceania, countries like Fiji and Vanuatu extend their hospitality to Dubai residents with visa-free access. The aesthetic allure of azure waters and lush landscapes are perfect for those in search of relaxation mixed with exploration. For business-minded travelers, these islands also serve as a unique gateway to tapping into the rapidly growing Asian markets. With the right approach, connecting with local businesses can yield fruitful collaborations while enjoying the serene lifestyle these islands offer.

"Having access to these visa-free countries can open a world of opportunities—whether for leisure or business. With the right preparations, even the farthest destinations can feel just a heartbeat away."

In summary, navigating the regions with visa-free access greatly enhances the experience for Dubai residents. It's not just about leisure travel; understanding these connections can also open doors for investment and networking. The ability to access diverse locations without the burden of visas enriches the lives of residents and underpins the growing global mobility of those based in Dubai.

Travel Requirements for Visa-Free Countries

Understanding travel requirements for visa-free countries is critical for anyone holding a Dubai resident visa. Failing to grasp the specifics can lead to hiccups at borders, unnecessary delays, or, worse, denial of entry. Residents looking to leverage their visa-free access must be well-informed about regulations, health protocols, and required documentation.

Understanding Entry Regulations

Entry regulations vary widely from one country to another, and it's essential to be clued in before heading to the airport. Each nation has its own set of rules regarding how long visitors can stay, the need for a return ticket, as well as local immigration checks.

Length of Stay: Some countries might permit stays of up to 90 days, while others may limit it to 30. Familiarizing yourself with these timeframes ensures you won't overstretch your welcome.
Return Ticket Requirement: Many destinations will ask for proof of a return ticket or onward travel. This helps reassure immigration authorities that you won't overstay your welcome.
Immigration Checks: Be prepared to answer questions regarding your travel plans. Carrying a well-structured itinerary can be beneficial.

In the end, knowing the particulars could save you from a world of headaches.

Health and Safety Protocols

Health and safety standards are front and center, especially in today's climate. Ensuring that you are in alignment with the health protocols of your destination isn't just about following rules; it's about safeguarding your health and that of others.

Vaccinations: In some countries, certain vaccinations may be required. It’s always wise to check well in advance so you have time to get immunized if necessary.
COVID-19 Regulations: Some destinations may have specific tests or quarantine measures in place, even for visa-free visitors. Be sure to keep up-to-date on any travel advisories related to pandemics.
Travel Insurance: While not always mandatory, having travel insurance that covers health issues can save you from unexpected financial burdens.

To sum it up, being mindful about health and safety can significantly enhance your travel experience.

Documentation Essentials

A Dubai resident looking to travel visa-free must carry specific documents to ensure a smooth passage through customs and immigration.

Passport: This one's a no-brainer—make sure it’s valid for at least six months beyond your intended return.
Travel Itinerary: A printed itinerary may not be required, but it certainly helps to have your travel plans organized and easily accessible.
Accommodation Proof: Some countries might want to see that you have a place to stay. Having confirmations of hotel bookings or an invitation letter from a host can be useful.

It’s wise to have multiple copies of your important documents. Should something go awry, you’ll be one step ahead.

Benefits of Holding a Dubai Resident Visa

Navigating the opportunities as a holder of a Dubai resident visa can be quite rewarding. Whether you're a savvy investor or a homebuyer looking to expand your horizons, the advantages of this visa extend far beyond just access to visa-free travel. The following sections detail the intricate benefits associated with holding a Dubai resident visa, which helps you to make well-informed decisions and to capitalise on the exceptional advantages that this status offers.

Enhanced Travel Flexibility

A serene beach destination representing relaxation and travel

One of the most prominent benefits of holding a Dubai resident visa is the level of flexibility it offers when it comes to travel. With countless countries waving off visa requirements for Dubai residents, it’s like having a golden ticket to countless destinations. Imagine wandering through the lush landscapes of Malaysia, or soaking up the sun in Malta without the hassle of tedious paperwork.

Not only does this ease of travel save time, but it can also reduce costs. Instead of scrambling to pay for visa fees, holders can budget their finances on experiences, accommodations, and local delicacies. This spontaneity allows greater freedom – all you need to do is book a flight and you're on your way! Also, many of these countries often provide extended stays, giving you ample time to immerse yourself in their culture.

Business and Investment Opportunities

Furthermore, the Dubai resident visa opens up a whole new world for business and investment opportunities. Firstly, Dubai is known as a global business hub, and residing there already places you in an enviable position. But it doesn’t stop there; the access to nearby markets can be an invaluable asset. A resident visa equips business owners with the ability to seamlessly expand operations into several visa-free countries, creating avenues to tap into regional markets.

In sectors such as technology, healthcare, and tourism, partnerships can be greatly beneficial. Countries like Thailand or Turkey can be lucrative for investment, and with your Dubai resident visa, bridging avenues in those locales becomes efficient. Engage with local entrepreneurs, scout for partnerships, and onsite implementations can happen much smoother, giving you that edge in competitive markets.

Networking Prospects Internationally

Finally, the networking potentials associated with holding a Dubai resident visa cannot be overlooked. When you travel without the hassle of obtaining visas, it opens doors for face-to-face meetings with industry leaders at conferences, events, and business expos around the globe.

This direct engagement promotes relationship building and can foster partnerships which may not have otherwise materialized via virtual communication alone. Wherever you go, by showing your Dubai status, doors tend to open. There is a certain respect associated with Dubai as a smart city, and people often are curious about what you can offer. Being able to connect and share ideas increases the likelihood of transforming relationships into tangible ventures.

"True networking is about finding a way to connect the right people at the right time. Isn’t it great to do that without the barriers of paperwork?"

To sum up, a Dubai resident visa isn't just a ticket to visit countries – it's a powerful tool that can enhance your travel options, offer valuable investment pathways, and provide an accessible network of like-minded individuals. By understanding these benefits, you can leverage your resident status to navigate the world with ease and contribute to your personal and professional growth.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

When it comes to traveling, especially to countries without a visa requirement, there are a few pitfalls that can catch Dubai residents off guard. Recognizing and avoiding these issues can make a significant difference in ensuring smooth travels. Not only does it save you from hiccups during your trip, but it also enhances your overall experience in these diverse destinations. Here are the main pitfalls to steer clear of:

Misunderstanding Visa Regulations

A common error among travelers exploring visa-free countries is misunderstanding the specific visa regulations that apply to them. While one might assume that being a Dubai resident automatically grants easy access, some countries have particular conditions. For instance, some nations may require that your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay. Ignoring such details can lead to denied entry at the airport.

Always check the visa policies before you travel. Scan the official government websites for real-time updates on entry requirements.

Additionally, travelers should be aware of any additional fees that may apply, like airport taxes or entry fees that might be required upon arrival. It's always best to double-check the entry requirements for the specific country. Misunderstandings here can put a damper on a perfectly planned trip.

Overlooking Health Insurance Needs

While it may not be top of mind during the excitement of travel planning, health insurance is a critical component that should never be overlooked. Some countries, especially those located in Southeast Asia or Africa, can have different standards of healthcare, which may not meet the expectations of someone from Dubai.

Travelers might think their local insurance covers them everywhere, but that’s often not the case. Ensuring you have travel insurance that covers health needs abroad is vital. This includes emergency medical coverage, trip cancellation, and theft or loss of personal belongings.

Check the fine print of your health insurance policy.
Ensure it covers medical evacuation if necessary.
Evaluate if it's valid in the country you plan to visit.

Taking these steps will ensure you are prepared for any situation, providing peace of mind as you explore.

Failing to Prepare for Local Customs

Cultural faux pas can make or break your travel experience. Each country has its own local customs and etiquette that may differ dramatically from what you are used to in Dubai. For instance, dress codes, dining etiquette, and even greeting styles can vary. Failing to respect these customs can come across as disrespectful, and in some situations, it can even lead to legal issues.

Do some research on the local customs; it can be as simple as learning basic phrases in the local language.
Familiarize yourself with expected dress codes, particularly when visiting temples or religious sites.
Understanding dining manners can enhance your experience, particularly if you’re invited to share a meal with locals.

Being aware of these cultural nuances not only shows respect but also enriches your travel experiences, allowing for deeper engagement with the local environment. Taking these preparations seriously ensures that your journey is more enjoyable and opens doors to authentic interactions.

By navigating around these common pitfalls, Dubai residents can enjoy their travels to visa-free countries with a clearer mind, ready to embrace new adventures and experiences.

Future Trends in Visa Regulations

As global interactions become increasingly fluid, the trends in visa regulations are evolving constantly. For those holding a Dubai resident visa, these changes carry significant implications, shaping their travel experiences and opportunities. Understanding the future landscape of visa policies can empower residents to navigate international travel with greater ease and confidence.

Evolving Global Norms

Visa regulations are influenced by a myriad of factors, including economic ties, security concerns, and humanitarian responses. As countries around the world face unprecedented challenges like pandemics and geopolitical shifts, they are reevaluating their approach to entry requirements.

Some anticipated trends include:

A traveler with a passport looking at various travel destinations

Increased digitalization: Many countries are moving towards e-visas or digital travel authorizations. This trend simplifies the application process, making it smoother for travelers. Residents of Dubai may benefit from easier access, reducing potential hurdles during travel.
Reciprocity policies: A growing number of nations are adopting reciprocal visa agreements, chiefly in response to mutual diplomatic relations. This kind of arrangement often opens doors for residents looking to travel freely, making it beneficial for Dubai residents to keep abreast of such changes.
Focus on health safety and security: The ongoing global health challenges have led several nations to introduce health declaration forms and health insurance coverage as prerequisites for entry. This new norm could either facilitate or complicate travel depending on how well these regulations are enforced.

In summary, these evolving norms pave the way for a more connected world, making travel easier for residents of Dubai. Understanding these trends can help individuals make informed travel decisions and help them seize opportunities as they arise.

Impact on Dubai Residents

The shifting landscape of visa regulations will undoubtedly impact Dubai residents in various ways. For instance, greater mobility afforded by lenient regulations can enhance not just tourism but trade and investment opportunities as well. Here are a few key points:

Broadened travel options: With countries easing visa restrictions, Dubai residents will find it easier to explore new destinations, enriching their cultural experiences and knowledge.
Business opportunities: Dubai's strategic location as a global hub, combined with flexible visa regulations, allows residents to tap into international markets. This trend will likely lead to increased foreign investments in Dubai, benefiting local entrepreneurs.
Networking prospects: As countries adopt more welcoming visa policies, the chance for Dubai residents to build international relationships grows, creating pathways for joint ventures and partnerships in various sectors.

As the world continues to adapt to new realities, the implications for Dubai residents are significant. With an eye on the future trends in visa regulations, residents can better position themselves for both leisure and business endeavors abroad.

Tips for Exploring Visa-Free Destinations

Visa-free travel opens a vast expanse of opportunities for Dubai residents, turning destinations into easily accessible getaways. However, to truly enjoy these journeys, it's crucial to traverse the landscape of new cultures and environments with preparation and insight.

Researching Local Customs and Laws

One of the foremost steps when venturing into a new, visa-free country is to grasp local customs and laws. What may fly in Dubai could raise eyebrows elsewhere. For instance, understanding the nature of dress codes, local greetings, and the concept of personal space is important. Each society has its norms; for example, in Japan, bowing as a greeting is a sign of respect, while in some Middle Eastern nations, modest attire may be expected.

Familiarizing yourself with laws is equally indispensable. Every country has unique regulations; something straightforward, like taking photographs, might be restricted in certain areas. A polite inquiry or a little light research about local laws on social media platforms like Reddit or country-specific pages on Wikipedia can save you from misunderstandings.

"When in Rome, do as the Romans do" applies universally. Immerse yourself in the local traditions to enrich your travel experience.

Travel Budgeting Strategies

Budgeting for your travels is not merely about counting pennies. In fact, it's about knowing where to allocate funds effectively to maximize your experience while ensuring you return without a financial hangover. Through strategies such as prioritizing local dining experiences over swanky restaurants, tourists can immerse themselves in authentic flavors while saving a pretty penny.

Using budgeting apps can keep your finances in check. For instance, Trail Wallet or Travel Mapper help visitors monitor their spending, making adjustments might be necessary. Moreover, tapping into local insights through forums or blogs can reveal affordable activities or hidden gems overlooked by mainstream guides. You’d be amazed at how many free events or festivals flourish in cities, giving you a taste of local life without breaking the bank.

Budgeting Tips:

Research free public transport options.
Look for local markets for meals.
Keep an eye on local events that don't charge entrance fees.

Timing Your Travels

Timing can play a pivotal role in your travel experience. Visiting during off-peak seasons not only allows you to enjoy sites without the hustle but can drastically reduce expenses. For example, traveling to Thailand in the rainy season might seem unappealing at first, yet you’ll often find fewer tourists, lower prices, and potentially stunning landscapes refreshed by the rains.

Moreover, being aware of local holidays can be a double-edged sword. While festivals might limit your travel options, they also present unique opportunities to witness the vibrant community spirit. Consider checking local calendars that detail public holidays related to cultural events, as they can turn a regular trip into an extraordinary experience.

Timing Tips:

Know the high and low seasons for your destination.
Plan around local festivities where applicable.
Set alerts for flight deals on various travel sites.

By embracing these tips on exploring visa-free destinations, Dubai residents can embark on enlightening travels that cultivate personal growth and global awareness while making lasting memories.

Closure

The discussion on the benefits of travelling to visa-free countries as a Dubai resident is more pertinent now than ever. For the discerning traveler, understanding this aspect can elevate the experience from mere leisure to significant personal growth and opportunity.

In summary, key insights of this article include:

The expansive list of countries that Dubai residents can access without a visa, highlighting extensive travel options.
The various benefits attached to holding a Dubai resident visa, including enhanced business and networking opportunities abroad.
Practical considerations like entry regulations and cultural differences that can impact travel plans.

In particular, recognizing how much simpler travel can be through fewer regulatory barriers adds immense value. Benefits also extend beyond just exploring new and unfamiliar territories; they encompass networking, investment prospects, and personal enrichment. Whether one is an investor looking for new markets or a homebuyer exploring potential property routes, these visa-free journeys can unlock multiple layers of opportunity.

Summary of Key Insights

Diverse Travel Options: Dubai residents enjoy access to numerous countries without the need for cumbersome visa applications.
Enhanced Business Opportunities: The ability to travel more freely allows Dubai residents to network effectively, thus expanding their business horizon.
Cultural Experiences: Visiting different countries exposes travelers to diverse cultures, fostering a greater understanding and appreciation for global diversity.

This sets the stage for rich experiences that cultivate both personal and professional growth. As a Dubai resident, one can leverage this privilege to turn travel into a strategic endeavor.

Encouragement to Leverage Travel Opportunities

Dubai residents are in a unique position to take full advantage of the ease of travel offered by their visa status. With a plethora of countries open for exploration, it’s wise to plan trips that not only satisfy wanderlust but also align with personal and professional goals. Here are a few suggestions:

Plan Ahead: Scrutinize potential destinations based on your interest—be it investment opportunities or cultural appreciation.
Network in Advance: Use platforms like LinkedIn or local expat groups to connect with peers or potential business partners before visiting, maximizing your trip.
Document Essentials: Keep an eye on any changes in travel guidelines and patient on health regulations; being prepared is the best way to ensure a seamless experience.

By taking these steps, Dubai residents not only enjoy the thrill of travel but also set themselves up to make significant strides in their personal and professional lives. Finally, don’t forget the invaluable connections formed during these trips—each journey has the potential to expand not only horizons but also networks.

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